The debate over barefoot versus shod horses involves genuine welfare considerations. Evidence-based hoof management appropriate to each horse's individual needs is the welfare-optimal approach.
Hoof care welfare is not a simple barefoot-vs-shod debate but depends on individual horse factors including hoof quality, work demands, terrain, and management. Well-managed barefoot horses on appropriate terrain with adequate movement often have excellent hoof health. However, forcing barefoot management on horses with poor hoof quality, working on abrasive surfaces, or with pre-existing hoof pathology causes chronic pain. Similarly, poor shoeing — incorrect angles, improper fitting, or inappropriate shoe types — causes lameness and pain in shod horses. The welfare-optimal approach is individual assessment of each horse's needs by a qualified farrier, with regular professional attention regardless of the management style chosen.