African pygmy hedgehogs have become popular pets despite having complex welfare needs including exercise requirements, specific dietary needs, and susceptibility to conditions worsened by captivity.
Hedgehog welfare in captivity is frequently compromised by the mismatch between their natural active lifestyle and the small enclosures commonly provided for pets. Without adequate running space — a large wheel or free-roaming room — hedgehogs develop obesity, respiratory problems, and the neurological disease associated with inactivity. Their nocturnal nature means they require disturbance-free daytime sleep and active engagement opportunities at night that align poorly with human schedules. The popularity of hedgehogs as pets has not been matched by adequate public education about their genuine welfare needs, resulting in many animals suffering from preventable conditions.