Harbor seals are among the most commonly kept marine mammals in zoos and aquariums. Their welfare depends on appropriate water temperature, social conditions, and environmental complexity.
Harbor seals in warm-water environments suffer heat stress and skin conditions from inadequate water temperature. Exhibit pool depth must accommodate natural diving behavior; shallow pools prevent this behavioral expression. Social housing must balance the need for companionship with management of competition for resting areas and food. Harbor seals habituated to humans through early stranding and rehabilitation face different challenges than wild-caught individuals, often showing less stress around people but requiring careful management to prevent overweight from over-human interaction. Training behavioral responses through positive reinforcement reduces stress during veterinary procedures and husbandry.