Tigers are powerful, wide-ranging predators whose welfare in captivity depends on robust enrichment programs, spacious naturalistic enclosures, and opportunities to express hunting and exploratory behaviors.
Tiger welfare in zoos is significantly affected by exhibit size, complexity, and enrichment quality. Without adequate stimulation, tigers are prone to stereotypic pacing, a recognized indicator of compromised welfare. High-quality enrichment programs that rotate novel scents, provide substrates for marking, offer puzzle feeders requiring effort, and include water features for bathing can substantially improve behavioral welfare. Enclosures must include off-exhibit spaces away from public view, as tigers experiencing chronic public pressure show elevated stress hormones. Positive reinforcement training for voluntary participation in veterinary care reduces handling stress and improves keeper-animal relationships.