Catfish aquaculture is a major industry in the United States and parts of Asia, producing millions of tonnes annually with welfare standards that vary significantly by region and certification.
Catfish welfare in both US and Asian production systems faces similar challenges: high stocking densities, disease pressure, and inadequate slaughter standards. US channel catfish are subject to some welfare oversight through retailer standards and certification schemes, while pangasius production in Vietnam faces less regulatory scrutiny. Given strong evidence of fish sentience, the welfare cost of current practices across both industries is significant. Practical improvements include reducing stocking densities to evidence-based thresholds, improving water quality management, and implementing effective electrical stunning before slaughter. Consumer certification demand is a key lever in markets where regulatory requirements remain weak.