Farrowing crates confine sows around the time of birth and suckling. Welfare-positive loose farrowing systems offer alternatives that meet both sow and piglet welfare needs.
Farrowing crates prevent sows from performing nesting behavior that is a high-priority pre-farrowing need — sows in crates show redirected rooting and pawing behaviors indicating significant frustration. Loose farrowing systems with appropriate nest boxes and shelter allow nesting expression, significantly improving sow welfare. With good management, loose systems can achieve piglet survival rates matching crate systems. The welfare benefits to sows are substantial. Several countries have phased out farrowing crates, demonstrating practical alternatives exist.