Commercial turkeys have been selectively bred for rapid breast muscle growth that causes health problems, limits natural behavior, and shortens life expectancy.
Commercial turkey genetics represent an extreme version of the broiler chicken welfare problem. Turkeys bred for maximal breast muscle grow so rapidly and develop such disproportionate bodies that natural mating is impossible, walking is difficult, and organ systems are chronically stressed. The brevity of their lives does not mitigate the suffering of this accelerated growth — these birds are conscious throughout and experience the consequences of genetic selection prioritizing human food preferences over animal wellbeing. Heritage breeds demonstrate that welfare-compatible production is achievable.