An estimated 40 million donkeys worldwide carry vital loads in developing countries. Their welfare is often severely compromised by overwork, poor nutrition, and lack of veterinary care.
Working donkey welfare represents a welfare challenge with deep connections to human development and poverty. Donkeys are integral to the livelihoods of hundreds of millions of people in Africa, Asia, and Latin America, serving as transport and agricultural power where motorized alternatives are unavailable or unaffordable. These animals commonly suffer from preventable conditions — harness sores from poorly fitted equipment, lameness from untreated hoof problems, eye disease from flies, and overloading beyond their capacity. Improving working donkey welfare requires combining veterinary education and care with livelihood support for the communities who depend on them. Owner education about animal health is as important as direct veterinary intervention.