The gut microbiome of companion animals profoundly influences physical health, immune function, and even behavior. Emerging research shows microbiome disruption is a significant welfare concern.
The gut microbiome represents a new frontier in companion animal welfare, with research revealing that microbiome disruption from antibiotics, poor diet, and chronic stress creates a cascade of health consequences extending beyond gastrointestinal disease. The gut-brain axis means that microbiome health influences behavior and stress responses; dysbiotic animals may show increased anxiety and reduced resilience to stressors. Chronic gastrointestinal disease causes persistent discomfort that reduces quality of life significantly. Dietary approaches that support microbiome diversity — including high-quality protein, adequate fiber, and minimal ultra-processed ingredients — represent a welfare intervention accessible to all companion animal owners. Judicious antibiotic use that includes probiotic support reduces the welfare cost of necessary antimicrobial treatment.