Alpacas are farmed globally for their fiber, but their welfare needs as highly social herd animals from Andean ecosystems are frequently misunderstood in non-native production systems.
Alpaca welfare in fiber production is shaped most critically by social housing and shearing practices. As herd animals, alpacas in isolation experience chronic stress that affects immune function and behavior. Minimum group sizes of three individuals are recommended; even paired housing is considered inadequate. Annual shearing is a major welfare event: poor restraint — including the common practice of tipping alpacas onto their sides and stretching all four legs for shearing — causes panic responses and injury. Skilled shearers using appropriate techniques minimize stress and injury during this unavoidable procedure. Heat stress is a significant concern in production systems outside the Andean highlands; access to shade, cool water, and appropriate barn ventilation are essential welfare provisions during warm periods.