Canine cognitive dysfunction syndrome (CDS) is the dog equivalent of dementia. Understanding its signs and management helps owners support the welfare of aging companions through cognitive decline.
CDS affects approximately 50% of dogs over 11 years of age. Signs include disorientation, altered sleep-wake cycles, reduced social interaction, and house-soiling. Selegiline (Anipryl) is the only licensed medication for CDS; it provides modest benefit in some dogs. Dietary support with antioxidants, omega-3 fatty acids, and medium-chain triglycerides shows benefit in several studies. Cognitive enrichment through scent work, food puzzles, and gentle novel experiences maintains neural plasticity. Environmental modifications — nightlights, predictable routines, ramp access — reduce distress from disorientation.