The physical design of slaughter facilities significantly affects animal welfare during the final stages of life. Evidence-based design principles can dramatically reduce pre-slaughter stress and injury.
Temple Grandin developed curved race designs for cattle that exploit natural movement preferences and reduce stress. Solid side panels that prevent animals from seeing what is ahead reduce balking and flight responses. Non-slip flooring prevents falls that cause injury and fear. Lighting design that avoids shadows and glare reduces stress-induced hesitation. Air flow directed toward animals in holding pens rather than away from them uses natural air-seeking behaviour to facilitate movement. Stunning box design and size critically affects stunning accuracy and welfare.