Scientific research on dog training has consistently shown that reward-based methods produce better welfare outcomes and equivalent or superior obedience compared to punishment-based approaches.
The science of dog training has produced a clear evidence base: punishment-based methods including shock collars, prong collars used aversively, and alpha roll dominance techniques cause welfare harm without producing superior training outcomes. Dogs trained with these methods show elevated stress hormones, more fear-based behaviors, and increased aggression compared to reward-trained dogs. The persistent use of aversive training despite this evidence reflects cultural tradition and marketing by training professionals who have not updated their methods in response to the science. Welfare-informed dog ownership includes choosing trainers and training methods based on this evidence rather than on tradition or anecdote.