The debate between barefoot hoof management and traditional shoeing has welfare implications for horses, with evidence supporting both approaches depending on work type, ground conditions, and individual hoof quality.
Hoof care is a welfare-critical aspect of horse management because the hoof is central to weight-bearing, movement, and comfort. Neither barefoot nor shod management is universally superior — the optimal approach depends on work demands, surface exposure, individual hoof quality, and the horse management system. The welfare concern with traditional shoeing is the restriction of natural hoof function and the pain and damage that can result from poorly fitted or overly long shoes. The welfare concern with poorly managed barefoot transition is the discomfort of inadequate hoof conditioning for work demands. Regular farriery or hoof trimming — regardless of approach — is non-negotiable for welfare; neglected hooves cause chronic discomfort and lameness. Laminitis prevention through dietary management represents one of the highest-impact hoof welfare interventions available to horse owners.