Sand cats are the only felid adapted exclusively to desert environments, presenting unique challenges for zoo welfare related to their specific thermal, behavioral, and social requirements.
Sand cats have historically been among the more challenging felids to maintain in zoo settings, with high mortality from respiratory infections, particularly when kept in typical zoo conditions with higher humidity. Their extreme desert adaptation means they are vulnerable to environments that are too cool or humid. Progress in understanding their specific environmental requirements has improved welfare outcomes in modern facilities that maintain appropriately warm, dry conditions. Their cryptic, nocturnal, and solitary nature means they may experience exhibition stress if forced into public-facing areas during daylight hours. Welfare-conscious sand cat exhibits provide hiding opportunities, appropriate substrate, and the option for animals to avoid public viewing when desired. The species captive population serves as genetic insurance given declining wild populations.