Gestation crates prevent natural movement and social behaviour in sows for most of their lives, and viable alternatives demonstrate that reform is achievable.
Gestation crate confinement is among the most widely condemned practices in commercial pig farming due to the severe restriction it places on basic movement and natural behaviour. Sows in crates cannot walk, turn around, or engage in any social behaviour for months at a time, causing documented psychological and physical welfare harm. The EU reform demonstrates that group housing is commercially viable, though implementation challenges around aggression management require investment and expertise. Consumer campaigns in North America have driven retailer commitments that are now beginning to translate into supply chain change. The welfare case for elimination of gestation crates is clear and supported by a strong scientific consensus.