Feeding wild birds is enormously popular but can cause welfare harm through disease spread and habitat dependence if done incorrectly. Evidence-based practices maximize benefits and minimize risks.
Wild bird feeding is a net welfare positive when done correctly and a potential harm when done carelessly. The critical factors are feeder hygiene to prevent disease spread, appropriate feeder placement to prevent window strikes, provision of food types appropriate for local species, and consideration of seasonal timing when supplemental feeding provides the greatest benefit. Well-maintained feeding stations provide genuine welfare benefits to many birds.