Crayfish are increasingly farmed globally, and evidence of their capacity for pain and stress raises important welfare questions for the industry.
The welfare of farmed crayfish occupies a regulatory blind spot in most countries. Unlike fish, crustaceans are not covered by most animal welfare legislation, despite growing evidence that they are capable of experiencing pain and stress. The conditions common in intensive crayfish farms — crowding, temperature stress, aggressive encounters — can cause significant suffering. The shift toward welfare-positive practices requires industry recognition that crayfish are sentient beings deserving of consideration, not simply commodities. Researchers, regulators, and producers must collaborate to establish minimum standards for water quality, stocking density, and humane handling and slaughter.