Large carnivores including wolves, bears, and cougars are recovering in some regions, creating coexistence challenges. Welfare-respecting management reduces conflict while supporting recovery.
Large carnivore coexistence requires addressing the economic and safety concerns that drive retaliatory killing without resorting to broad population reduction. Individual carnivores that develop livestock predation habits are the primary conflict source, while most individuals avoid human activity. Targeted response to problem individuals, combined with prevention tools that make livestock less vulnerable, reduces both conflict and welfare costs to individual carnivores.