Atlantic cod aquaculture has faced significant challenges following the collapse of wild stocks, with emerging farming operations confronting specific welfare challenges related to this species' behavioral ecology and stress physiology.
Atlantic cod aquaculture welfare science is still developing relative to salmon, reflecting the earlier commercial stage of this industry. The species presents specific challenges: high stress sensitivity, cannibalism in juvenile stages, and temperature sensitivity that requires careful environmental management. The commercial challenge of cod farming — high production costs relative to salmon — means investment in welfare improvements must be balanced against viability. Where cod farming does operate, evidence-based practice requires lower stocking densities than equivalent salmon systems, careful handling protocols that minimize air exposure, and environmental management maintaining temperature in the welfare-optimal range. The potential contribution of cod aquaculture to rebuilding depleted wild populations adds a conservation dimension to the welfare calculus.