Research into pig stocking density has established clear welfare thresholds, demonstrating that commercial density standards in most countries remain welfare-compromising.
The science on pig stocking density is clear: current commercial standards in most countries fall below the density at which good welfare outcomes can be achieved. Research consistently demonstrates that pigs at densities common in intensive production spend more time in conflict, experience higher injury rates, show chronic stress indicators, and have worse health outcomes than pigs at lower densities. Regulatory minimums were set with economic feasibility as a primary constraint rather than welfare optimization as the target. The welfare case for density reduction is compelling from the pig welfare evidence; the economic case is complicated by throughput economics, but welfare-conscious consumers and retailers creating market pressure for lower density production demonstrate that economically viable alternatives exist at higher welfare standards.