Comprehensive approaches to managing coyote presence in cities, protecting both human communities and coyote welfare through evidence-based coexistence programs.
Urban coyotes face unique welfare challenges: vehicle strikes, rodenticide poisoning from prey, and stress from human harassment. Lethal control creates additional welfare concerns through wounding, family group disruption, and pup abandonment. Evidence-based coexistence programs serve both human safety and coyote welfare by maintaining wild behavior, reducing human-wildlife conflict, and allowing stable social structures to persist. Communities that invest in education and hazing protocols report both fewer conflicts and healthier, more predictable coyote behavior.