Livestock Welfare During Extreme Heat Events

Climate change is increasing the frequency and intensity of heat waves that threaten livestock welfare, with dairy cows, pigs, and poultry being particularly vulnerable to heat stress.

Key Facts

Cattle experience heat stress above 72 degrees Fahrenheit combined temperature-humidity index
Heat-stressed dairy cows produce 10-25% less milk and have reduced reproductive success
Pigs cannot sweat and are highly vulnerable to heat stress, with mortality during heat waves
Broiler chickens in poorly ventilated houses can die in large numbers during heat events
Climate projections suggest heat stress costs will increase significantly in coming decades

Welfare Considerations

Heat stress in livestock causes a cascade of welfare harms: reduced feed intake, elevated respiratory rate, behavioral changes, reduced reproduction, and in severe cases, death. The physiological burden of thermoregulation in inadequate conditions represents chronic suffering. Climate change is intensifying this challenge. Welfare-focused heat management requires shade, ventilation, water access, and reduced stocking density during heat events — investments that are often inadequate in conventional systems.

What You Can Do

Support livestock welfare standards that include heat stress management requirements
Advocate for climate adaptation planning that includes livestock welfare
Choose products from farms with certified heat management infrastructure
Learn about the connection between climate change, livestock welfare, and food security