Different duck breeds used in commercial farming vary significantly in their welfare outcomes, growth characteristics and suitability for various housing systems.
Commercial duck breed selection has prioritized rapid growth and feed efficiency at the expense of welfare outcomes. Fast-growing Pekin strains often experience leg weakness, cardiovascular stress and increased susceptibility to disease. Slower-growing breeds and heritage varieties generally show better mobility, stronger bones and fewer production-related health problems. The mismatch between genetics bred for confinement and ducks' strong motivation to access water creates ongoing welfare challenges regardless of breed. Welfare-oriented breed selection combined with appropriate husbandry can significantly improve outcomes.