Straw-based deep litter systems provide pigs with natural rooting and nesting substrate that significantly improves welfare compared to barren concrete environments.
Straw and deep litter systems represent one of the most effective interventions for improving pig welfare in commercial settings. The substrate satisfies rooting motivation, provides nesting material that meets behavioral needs, and creates a more complex environment that reduces aggression and stereotypic behaviors. While implementation costs and management requirements are higher than slatted systems, the welfare benefits are substantial and well-documented. The composting action of deep litter can also provide warmth, representing an additional welfare benefit particularly in cold climates.