Welfare science for farmed Atlantic and Pacific halibut, covering stocking density effects, benthic behavior needs, slaughter welfare, and emerging standards for this large flatfish species in aquaculture.
Halibut aquaculture presents welfare challenges unique to their large size and benthic lifestyle. In intensive tank systems, their need to rest on appropriate substrate becomes a limiting welfare factor — insufficient bottom area relative to population creates chronic competition for space. The extended farming period means any welfare compromise is prolonged across years rather than months. Their size and strength make handling operations — grading, vaccination, transport — particularly stressful events requiring careful management and appropriate sedation. The good news is that halibut's large size makes welfare-relevant interventions including electrical stunning technically straightforward — operators willing to invest in humane slaughter have clear options available.