Welfare science of impinging dorsal spinous processes (kissing spines) in horses, covering diagnosis, pain management approaches, surgical and non-surgical treatment, and return to work welfare considerations.
Kissing spines welfare management challenges arise partly from the gap between radiographic findings and clinical significance — many horses have radiographic kissing spines without clinical welfare compromise, while others with similar findings suffer significant back pain affecting their entire work life. Accurate diagnosis of clinically significant kissing spines requires integrating imaging findings with clinical signs, response to diagnostic analgesia, and a thorough behavioral history. Horses with clinical kissing spines experience chronic pain that affects their willingness to work, response to saddling, and general demeanor. Treatment decisions should prioritize welfare — ensuring appropriate pain relief, realistic rehabilitation, and honest assessment of long-term prognosis for return to comfortable work.