Atlantic halibut are among the most challenging species to farm, and understanding their welfare needs in recirculating aquaculture systems is critical for both ethical and commercial success.
Halibut welfare in indoor recirculating aquaculture systems requires careful attention to multiple environmental parameters. These fish are sensitive to temperature fluctuations, poor water quality, and crowding, all of which increase stress and disease susceptibility. Their unique biology as flatfish means they need appropriate substrate and tank design to allow natural resting behavior. Stocking density management is critical, as overcrowding triggers chronic stress responses. Early life welfare in hatcheries is particularly important, as poor conditions during juvenile development have lasting health consequences. The premium market position of farmed halibut creates commercial incentives for welfare investment, as healthy fish command higher prices.