Pangasius catfish is one of the most exported farmed fish from Southeast Asia, and improving welfare standards in its production requires addressing stocking density, water quality, and slaughter practices.
Pangasius aquaculture has expanded dramatically to meet global demand for affordable white fish, but welfare standards have often been secondary to production efficiency. Research on pangasius welfare is limited compared to salmon or trout, creating knowledge gaps that certification schemes struggle to address. The evidence available suggests that high stocking densities, poor water quality management, and live transport without adequate conditions are the primary welfare risks in this species. The leverage point for welfare improvement lies with importing countries and major retailers, whose purchasing standards have historically driven the most significant improvements in pangasius production conditions. Consumers choosing certified pangasius over uncertified alternatives help create the commercial case for welfare investment.