Sheep Welfare in Extensive Grazing Systems

Sheep raised in extensive grazing systems face welfare challenges related to predation, disease, weather exposure, and the difficulty of monitoring large flocks across wide areas.

Key Facts

Approximately 1 billion sheep are raised globally, with many in extensive grazing systems
Predation by wolves, coyotes, and dogs is a leading mortality cause for sheep in extensive systems
Internal parasites (barber's pole worm) are the most significant welfare and economic challenge in many regions
Large flocks on extensive range can have welfare problems undetected for days or weeks
Extensive systems can provide excellent welfare with good flock management but require active monitoring

Welfare Considerations

Extensive sheep grazing welfare is characterized by reduced ability to observe individual animals closely combined with reduced confinement stress compared to intensive systems. The welfare advantages of extensive systems — freedom of movement, natural foraging behavior, social structure — are significant. The disadvantages — delayed detection of injury, disease, or predation; weather exposure; and distance from veterinary care — create welfare risks. Regular flock inspection, parasite management, predator protection, and responsive veterinary access are the cornerstones of good welfare in extensive systems.

What You Can Do

Support extensive sheep production with demonstrated active welfare monitoring protocols
Advocate for veterinary access programs supporting remote sheep producers
Learn about the welfare advantages and challenges of extensive versus intensive sheep systems
Choose lamb and wool from certified welfare programs covering extensive production