Horse Barefoot Keeping: Evidence for Hoof Health Without Shoes

Barefoot hoof keeping is gaining scientific and practical support — evidence on hoof health, movement quality, and welfare outcomes for unshod horses is accumulating.

Key Facts

Wild horses and feral ponies maintain functional hooves without shoes through natural movement and varied terrain
Unshod hooves expand and contract with each stride, pumping blood through the digital cushion — shoeing reduces this mechanism
Barefoot horses show increased proprioceptive sensitivity and altered movement patterns compared to shod horses
Transition to barefoot typically takes 3-12 months as hoof capsule structure adapts to increased loading
Hoof boots provide protection for barefoot horses in challenging terrain without permanent mechanical restriction
Diet management (low sugar/starch forage) is essential for successful barefoot transitions in metabolically compromised horses
Some disciplines and terrain types may not be compatible with barefoot keeping despite optimal hoof health

Welfare Considerations

Barefoot keeping evidence suggests genuine welfare benefits for suitable horses through improved digital circulation, enhanced proprioception, and elimination of shoeing-associated problems (nail quitter, sheared heels from improper application, periosteal reaction at nail sites). The welfare challenge is the transition period: horses moved from shod to barefoot on unsuitable footing or inadequate diet may experience sensitivity and lameness during adaptation. Successful barefoot programs require appropriate nutrition management, varied natural terrain, and potentially hoof boot use during challenging work. Not all horses are suitable candidates — horses with chronic hoof pathology, metabolic disease requiring careful management, or working in specific demanding disciplines may require shoeing for welfare reasons. The evidence supports barefoot as a positive welfare choice where conditions allow.

What You Can Do

Consult a certified hoof care professional experienced with barefoot transitions before making any shoeing changes
Ensure appropriate diet (low-sugar forage, mineral balance) before and during any barefoot transition
Use hoof boots to provide protection during transition periods and challenging terrain work
Allow adequate transition time (3-12 months) with regular professional assessment before judging barefoot suitability