Alternative farrowing systems that allow sow movement improve maternal welfare while managing piglet crushing risk through intelligent pen design.
Farrowing crates represent the most prolonged physical confinement imposed on any farmed animal in mainstream commercial agriculture — weeks of immobilization that prevent natural movement, postural adjustment, and the nesting behavior that is one of the strongest motivations in pre-farrowing sows. The welfare cost is substantial and well-documented through behavioral and physiological indicators. Alternative farrowing systems demonstrate that sow welfare and piglet survival are not fundamentally incompatible — intelligent pen design can protect piglets from crushing while allowing sow freedom of movement. The phased regulatory approach in multiple countries shows that industry-wide transition is achievable.