Metabolic bone disease from UV-B deficiency is the most common and most preventable welfare problem in captive reptiles.
Metabolic bone disease in reptiles causes chronic pain from skeletal deformity, fractures, and neurological complications in severe cases. It is almost entirely preventable with appropriate UV-B provision and dietary management. The tragedy is that it remains the most common welfare problem presenting to exotic animal veterinarians, indicating widespread failure of keeper education. The reptile pet industry must take responsibility for ensuring that animals sold are accompanied by genuinely adequate husbandry information — not minimized to reduce equipment cost barriers. UV-B investment is not optional for diurnal reptiles; it is as essential as food and water.