Genetic selection in Atlantic salmon farming has accelerated growth but created welfare trade-offs including skeletal deformities, organ dysfunction, and reduced stress resilience.
The genetic architecture of farmed salmon has drifted significantly from wild-type populations in pursuit of growth efficiency. While economically beneficial, these changes carry welfare costs through compromised physiology. Progressive breeding programs are now incorporating welfare-relevant traits into selection indices, recognizing that healthier fish are ultimately more productive. Consumer demand for high-welfare salmon can drive investment in better genetics.