Financial barriers to veterinary care disproportionately affect low-income pet owners, and access to affordable insurance or charitable care is essential to prevent welfare-compromising gaps.
Companion animal welfare is inseparable from the social and economic circumstances of their owners. Pets in low-income households are not less loved but often less able to access care when needed. Programs that expand insurance access, subsidize veterinary care, and provide low-cost spay-neuter services support both animal welfare and the human-animal bonds that benefit people's mental and physical health. Treating veterinary care access as a public health issue shifts the framing from charity to social infrastructure.