Duck egg production systems must accommodate the strong behavioral needs of ducks for water access, foraging, and social interaction that differ significantly from chicken requirements.
Duck welfare in egg production is substantially determined by water access. Ducks are waterfowl with fundamental behavioral drives for bathing, preening, and foraging in water that cannot be substituted with nipple drinkers alone. Denial of bathing water causes observable distress and physical health problems. The welfare case for open water access in duck production is clear, and progressive producers are implementing bathing and drinking systems that meet duck needs while managing hygiene. Consumer awareness of this issue is low compared to chicken welfare, representing an educational opportunity.