Shorebirds migrating along flyways spanning continents depend on chains of stopover sites that are being lost to development, threatening welfare through energetic failure during migration.
Shorebird migration welfare depends on an unbroken chain of functional stopover sites across entire flyway systems. When a critical site is degraded, birds arriving after thousands of kilometers of flight cannot refuel adequately, facing the welfare equivalent of starvation during a critical physiological window. The welfare cost of stopover site loss is distributed across the entire flyway population, making it invisible at any single location. International coordination to protect tidal flat networks, particularly in the Yellow Sea, is the most urgent welfare and conservation priority for migratory shorebirds.