Urban foxes are widespread across European and North American cities and generate conflict with residents despite playing important ecological roles.
Urban foxes face welfare challenges including road traffic mortality, mange, illegal poisoning, and conflict with residents. Mange causes severe suffering and death if untreated; homeopathic mange treatments distributed by welfare charities have proven effective in reducing urban mange prevalence. Deliberate poisoning of foxes is illegal in most countries but persists in areas of high fox-human conflict. Education programs that reduce supplementary feeding where it creates conflict while teaching coexistence skills improve outcomes for both foxes and residents.