Feedlot cattle experience significant behavioral restriction and environmental challenges that affect their welfare across the months they spend in confined lots before slaughter.
Feedlot welfare involves restriction of movement and natural grazing behavior, high stocking density, and disease risk from respiratory pathogens spread through close contact. While cattle in feedlots are generally fed adequately, the absence of grazing behavior, social complexity, and environmental variation creates a welfare deficit compared to pasture-based finishing. Simple modifications including shade and space improvements yield significant welfare gains.