Welfare considerations for captive rhinoceroses and how zoo programs balance conservation goals with individual wellbeing.
Rhinoceros welfare in captivity requires provision of behaviors that maintain both physical health and psychological wellbeing. Mud wallowing is important for thermoregulation, skin condition, and parasite management — captive rhinos without wallow access develop skin problems and show frustration behaviors. Foot health on hard surfaces is a significant welfare concern managed through appropriate substrate provision and regular hoof care. Progressive facilities use positive reinforcement training for voluntary participation in health assessments, reducing the stress of necessary veterinary procedures.