Rabbits are the third most commonly used laboratory animal. Their welfare needs — including social housing, space, and handling — are often inadequately met in research facilities.
Laboratory rabbits occupy a welfare gap: they are sentient, social, and fragile animals whose needs are poorly met by conventional laboratory housing. Single housing in small cages prevents normal locomotion, social interaction, and behavioral expression. The welfare consequences — stereotypic behavior, elevated stress hormones, and behavioral despair — are measurable and well-documented. Paired or group housing in larger enriched spaces dramatically improves welfare outcomes and, importantly, does not compromise most research protocols. The primary barrier is institutional inertia and cost. Welfare advocates and regulatory bodies have made important progress, but implementation remains inconsistent across research institutions.