Primates in zoos have complex social, cognitive, and physical needs that are challenging to meet in captivity. Modern zoos are working to improve welfare through enrichment and naturalistic group housing.
Primates present some of the greatest welfare challenges in zoo settings due to their intelligence, complex social structures, and behavioral flexibility. Historically, many facilities kept primates in barren, socially inappropriate conditions that produced chronically stressed animals. Leading modern facilities now prioritize large, complex social groups with access to naturalistic habitat features and extensive daily enrichment. However, significant variation in welfare standards persists globally, and many non-accredited facilities fall far short of best practice.