Two decades of pig enrichment research has produced clear evidence on which enrichment types are most effective, creating a science-based foundation for welfare improvement at scale.
Enrichment science for pigs has matured significantly. Early research established that any enrichment is better than none. More recent work shows that enrichment quality matters enormously: substrate materials that allow rooting, chewing, and exploration engage pigs' natural behaviors far more effectively than hanging chains or balls. Novelty rotation extends the welfare benefit over time. The gap between what enrichment science recommends and what most commercial pig farms provide remains large — EU regulations require enrichment but allow minimal compliance with objects that provide little behavioral benefit. Translating enrichment science into regulatory requirements and producer practice is a significant ongoing welfare challenge.