What the scientific evidence shows about the effects of stocking density on pig welfare and what optimal densities look like.
The scientific evidence on pig stocking density is clear: minimum regulatory requirements in most jurisdictions are set below levels consistent with good welfare for growing pigs. At legal minimum densities, pigs cannot simultaneously perform normal social behaviour, rest comfortably, and access feed and water without competing intensively. The welfare improvements from increasing space allowance are well documented and substantial, but they have production cost implications that create commercial resistance to voluntary adoption. Regulatory standards that reflect the scientific evidence rather than commercial convenience would shift this equation by creating a level playing field. In the meantime, consumer choices and certification standards can drive voluntary improvement above the legal minimum.