Halibut farming has expanded significantly but brings welfare challenges specific to this large, bottom-dwelling flatfish species with complex habitat requirements.
Halibut welfare is complicated by their biology as large benthic flatfish with specific space and substrate requirements. Conventional tank or cage systems often fail to provide adequate flat resting space, leading to competition and stress. Their sensitivity to water quality means that poor management rapidly creates physiological distress. The long time to market weight means welfare compromises compound over extended periods. Improving halibut farming welfare requires species-appropriate stocking densities, adequate resting substrate, high water quality standards, and humane handling and slaughter protocols specifically developed for this species.