Research into pig enrichment identifies which materials and activities most effectively satisfy behavioral needs and improve welfare outcomes in commercial settings.
The science of pig enrichment clearly demonstrates that not all enrichment is equal. Plastic toys and hanging chains that dominate commercial compliance meet the letter but not the spirit of enrichment requirements — pigs quickly lose interest and these items provide minimal behavioral benefit. Pigs are rooting animals whose natural behavior involves sustained investigation and manipulation of substrates. Straw, hay, compost, and other manipulable organic materials satisfy the rooting motivation and reduce frustration-driven behaviors including tail biting and aggression. Implementation is challenging in slatted floor systems without bedding, but practical solutions including hay racks, dispensers, and straw-based enrichment blocks have been developed.