Farrowing crates confine sows around birth, preventing crushing of piglets but causing significant suffering — and alternatives demonstrate both are achievable.
The welfare compromise of farrowing crates is severe: sows are unable to turn around, nest-build, or respond to piglet distress for weeks — during one of the most physiologically and behaviourally demanding periods of their lives. Evidence of psychological suffering includes stereotypic bar-biting and vacuum nest-building behaviour. However, loose farrowing systems require careful design to minimise piglet crushing — evidence from Swedish loose housing systems and UK welfare-labelled farms demonstrates that good management can achieve acceptable piglet mortality while providing sow welfare. Freedom Farrowing systems (temporary freedom from crates at key moments) represent a transitional approach. Compassion in World Farming campaigns for a complete phase-out with a legally mandated transition timeline.