Regular health monitoring of cryptorchid dogs that owners choose not to castrate is essential to detect early testicular tumour development and prevent prolonged welfare harm.
Cryptorchid dogs that remain entire face a predictable and substantial risk of testicular neoplasia with serious welfare consequences if not monitored and treated promptly. Sertoli cell tumour development progresses insidiously before causing the oestrogen-mediated effects that alert owners. By the time bone marrow suppression is established, the dog may be severely anaemic and the prognosis significantly worsened. Regular abdominal ultrasound to monitor the retained testis allows early detection before welfare harm is established. Castration remains the preferred welfare option eliminating the risk entirely.