Dog von Willebrand Disease: Bleeding Disorders and Care

Von Willebrand disease is the most common inherited bleeding disorder in dogs. Affected animals require careful management to prevent life-threatening haemorrhage during surgery and injury.

Key Facts

Von Willebrand disease is caused by deficiency of a blood clotting factor, causing prolonged bleeding
Dobermann Pinschers have very high prevalence — up to 70% carry the defective gene variant
Three types exist; Type 1 (mild) is most common, Type 3 (severe) can cause spontaneous life-threatening bleeding
Genetic testing identifies carriers and affected dogs, enabling informed breeding decisions
Surgical procedures require careful planning including pre-operative testing and availability of blood products
Affected dogs may bleed excessively from minor wounds, injections, or routine procedures like nail trimming

Welfare Considerations

Dogs with severe von Willebrand disease live with the risk of life-threatening haemorrhage from routine injuries and procedures. Managing this risk requires owner vigilance, veterinary preparation for all procedures, and sometimes access to specialist blood banking facilities. Genetic testing programmes in predisposed breeds could substantially reduce the prevalence of this preventable welfare problem over time.

What You Can Do

Test Dobermanns and other predisposed breeds for von Willebrand disease before breeding
Inform all veterinary staff of a known vWD diagnosis before any procedure including vaccination
Keep pressure bandages and clotting agents accessible in the home first aid kit
Avoid aspirin and NSAIDs that further impair platelet function in affected dogs
Register with a veterinary practice experienced in managing bleeding disorders
Support breed societies promoting responsible genetic testing and selective breeding programmes