Dog Cognitive Dysfunction Syndrome: Recognition and Support

Cognitive dysfunction syndrome is the canine equivalent of dementia. Early recognition and management can maintain quality of life in affected senior dogs.

Key Facts

CDS affects an estimated 28% of dogs aged 11-12 and over 68% of dogs aged 15-16
Signs include disorientation, altered sleep-wake cycles, house soiling and reduced interaction
AAHA uses the acronym DISHAA to assess CDS: disorientation, interaction, sleep, house soiling, activity, anxiety
Selegiline (Anipryl) is the only licensed medication for canine CDS in some markets
Environmental enrichment and routine maintenance slow cognitive decline

Welfare Considerations

Dogs with CDS experience disorientation and anxiety that owners frequently attribute to normal ageing rather than a treatable condition. Night-time vocalisation from disorientation is distressing for both dog and owner. Maintenance of consistent routine, food puzzles, regular gentle exercise and social interaction slow decline. Selegiline improves dopaminergic function and reduces some clinical signs. Antioxidant-enriched diets and omega-3 supplementation provide modest cognitive support. Quality-of-life monitoring using validated assessment tools helps owners make informed decisions about ongoing management.

What You Can Do

Complete the AAHA DISHAA questionnaire if your senior dog shows behaviour changes
Maintain consistent daily routines — predictability reduces anxiety in CDS dogs
Provide gentle daily mental stimulation through food puzzles and short training sessions
Ask your vet about selegiline and whether it is appropriate for your dog
Use night lights and safe confinement to reduce overnight disorientation and injury